Class 10 English Lesson 2 |Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom | Class 10 English | SEBA Question and Answer | First Flight Textbook in English For Class 10: Welcome to our website! We are happy to provide you Class 10th Notes for your academic journey. Class X is an important year for learners as they prepare themselves for the upcoming board exams, which will determine their academic success.
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QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Q1. Where did the ceremonies take place? Can you name any pub-lic building in India that are made of sand stone?
Ans: The ceremonies took place in the beautiful amphitheater formed by the Union Buildings in Pretoria. Yes, there are many buildings in India made of sand stone. The Red Fort, the Dewani Aam, The Dewani Khas, The Rong Ghar in Assam are some examples.
Q.2. Can you say how 10th May is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa?
Ans: South Africa is situated in the Southern hemisphere. So May in South Africa is autumn month, and 10th May is an ‘autumn day’.
Q.3. At the beginning of his speech Mandela mentions ‘an extraor- dinary human disaster.” What does he mean by this? What is the ‘glori- ous human achievement’he speaks at the end?
Ans: By ‘an extraordinary human disaster’ Mandela tells about the white man’s rule in South africa and the apartheid system introduced to discriminate and dominate the coloured people of the same country. The glorious achievement was the winning of freedom for all the people of South Africa irrespective of skin-colour.
Q.4. What does Mandela thank in international leaders for?
Ans: Mandela thanked the international leaders for their participa- tion in the ceremony. He thanked them for having come to take posses- sion with the people of South Africa the victory for justice for peace and for human dignity.
Q.5. What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa?
Ans: For the future of South Africa Mandela sets out the ideal of permanent liberty for all. He assures that South Africa will never again experience the oppression of one by another.
Oral Comprehension (3)
Q.1. What do the military generals do? How has their attitude changed and why?
Ans: The military generals saluted Mandela. Not long before they would have arrested him. They changed their attitude and showed their loyality to new regime. They did so because of the changed political system ushered in by Freedom of South Africa.
Q.2. Why were two national anthems sung?
Ans: There were the whites and blacks among the population of South Africa. The whites sang their national anthem and so did the blacks sang theirs’s.
Q.3. How does Mandela describe the system of government in his country
(i) in the first decade and
(ii) in the final decade of twentieth century? [HSLC-’15, ’17]
Ans: (i) In the first decade of the twentieth century the white- skinned people of South Africa patched up their differences and erected a system of racial domination against the dark-skinned people of their own country.
(ii) In the final decade of the twentieth century the earlier system has been overturned for ever. It is replaced by a system that recognized the rights and freedom of all peoples regardless of the color of their skins.
Q.4. What does courage mean to Mandela?
Ans: To Mandela courage means not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it.
Q.5. Which does he think natural, to love or to hate?
Ans: He thinks love as a natural to man.
Oral Comprehension (3)
Q.1. What ‘twin obligations’ does Mandela mention?
Ans: The twin obligation are one’s obligations to his family, to his parents, to his wife and children and one’s obligations to his people, his community and his country.
Q.2. What did being free mean to Mandela? [MQ]
Ans: As a boy Mandela thought that he was born free. He thought that he was free in every way he could know. He was free to run in the field near his mother’s hut; free to swim in the stream flowing through the village, free to roast maize under the open sky and free to ride on the broad back of the slow moving bull.
As a student he wanted to have freedom to stay out at night, to read what he pleased and to go where he choose. He wanted the freedom not to be obstructed in a lawful life. He wanted freedom which was basic and honorable. He wanted freedom for achieving his potential, of earning his keep of marrying and having a family. In fact he wanted freedom for all for living a lawful life unob- structed by any body.
Q.3. Does Mandela think the oppressor is free? Why/why not? Or, ‘The oppressed and the oppressor alike are robbed of their humanity.” What makes Mandela say this? [HSLC’18]
Ans: Mandela says that both the oppressed and the oppressor are to be liberated. A man who takes away another’s freedom is a prisoner of hatred. He had sold his freedom to hatred and prejudice and narrowmindedness. -The oppressed and the oppressor alike are robbed of their humanity. The oppressor does not have a broad mind to treat fellow human beings a equals. The oppressed are not allowed to raise their heads.
Thinking About the Text:
Q.1. Why did such a large number of international leaders attend the inauguration? What did it signify the triumph of?
Ans: The large gathering of international leaders attend the inaugural- ration to pay respect to South Africa and her people. The leaders assembled there on the occasion of installation of South Africa’s first democratic nonracial government. It signified a common victory for justice, for peace and for human dignity.
Q.2. What does Mandela mean when he says he is “simply the sum of all those African patriots.” Who had gone before him?
Ans: Mandela made the quoted statements to mean the sacrifices of those African patriots who were his forerunners and predecessors. On the day of installation of the first non-racial democratic government in South Africa Mandela remembered those patriots whose sacrifice had contrib- uted to attain freedom. He lamented that they were not there to take part in the occassion and share the joys.
He thought himself the inheritor and unified personality of the former patriots like Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu,Chief Luthuli and many others. Mandela was pained that those patriots were not there to be thanked. Nor were they there to see the achievement of their sacrifices.
Q.3. Would you agree that the ‘depths of oppression” create heights of character? How does Mandela illustrate this? Can you add your own example to this argument?
Ans: Yes, I do agree that the depth of oppression ‘create heights of character. There are people who are different from the common hordes. Such people can die for an ideal. They are called rebels. The more the oppression on such people, the more they turn rebellious.
The policy of apartheid in South Africa inflicted a deep and lasting wound in the country. But there were leaders who opposed the system even at the cost of their life. Leaders like Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Chief Luthuli, Yusuf Dadoo, Bram Fischer, Robert Sobukwe were created as a result of oppression by the racial government. Had there been no oppression prob- ably those leaders would not have attained the height achieved.
In India there were host of leaders who opposed the oppressive rule of the colonial British government. The heroes and heroines of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, Bhagat Singh, Khudiram Basu, Gandhiji, Sardar Patel, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Kanaklata from Assam are only a few names among the host of patriots who opposed the oppressive British rule in India.
Q.4. How did Mandela’s understanding of freedom change with age and experience?
Ans: Mandela’s understanding of freedom changed with age and experience. As a boy he thought that he was born free. This was because as a boy he was free to run in the field near his mother’s hut; free to swimming the village stream, free to roast maize under the stars and free to ride on the broad back of the slow moving bull.
As a student he wanted freedom to stay out at night, read what he liked and to go where he chose. With the advancement of age he discovered that real freedom was something different from those transitory freedom of his boyhood days and student days.
He wanted freedom not the be obstructed in leading a lawful life. He wanted freedom which was basic and honorable. He wanted freedom for achieving his potential, to earn his own keep, for marrying and maintaining a family. In fact he wanted freedom for his brother, sister and for all his countrymen. He joined the Africans National Congress with a view to making his country and her people free from oppressive apartheid rule.
Q.5. How did Mandela’s hunger for freedom change his life?
Ans: Mandela says that he was not born with a hunger to be free. As a boy and as a student also he was satisfied with the transitory freedom he enjoyed. But as he grow up he discovered that neither he nor his countrymen was free in the true sense of the term. He wanted freedom that would enable a man to lead a lawful life unobstructed.
Following those patriots who had thought for freedom for his country and her people he too became a rebel. From a law abiding attorney he turned into a rebel. From a lover of family life, he became a monk. In fact, he sacrificed his personal comforts and interests for the greater interest of his country. He joined the African National Congress and finally he was made the President of the first ever democrate and non racial govern- ment in South African soil.
By virtue of his dedication and patriotism he rose from a humble boy to become the President of a republic. His jour- ney from his mother’s hut to the Presidential palace may be called a grand mission of a human life.
Make a list such nouns and verbs in the text:
| Noun | Verb |
| carriers | carry |
| demonstration | demonstrate |
| symbol | symbolize |
| difference | differ |
| requirement | require |
| imagination | imagine |
| learning | learn |
| obligation | oblige |
| inclination | incline |
| beginning | begin |
| choice | choose |
| discovery | discover |
| animation | animate |
| inauguration | inaugurate |
| installation | install |
| government | govern |
| president | preside |
| assembly | assemble |
| presence | present |
| achievement | achieve |
| emancipation | emancipate |
| deprivation | deprive |
| discrimination | discriminate |
| Possession | Possess |
| movement | move |
Additional Questions & Answers
A. Multiple Choice questions (MCQ] and answers:
1. is called an autumn day in South-Africa?
(i) 10th July
(ii) 10th May
(iii) 10th March
(iv) 10th October
Ans. (ii)
2.How many national anthem were sung in South-Africa?
(i) Two
(ii) Three
(iii) Four
(iv) None of these
Ans: (i)
3.South Africa is rich in –
(i) Coffee
(ii) Tourism
(iii) Gems and minerals
(iv) All of above
Ans. (iii)
4.South-Africa became independent in the year-
(i) 1947
(ii) 1964
(iii) 1994
(iv) 1995
Ans. (iii)
5. ANC stands for –
(i) Afganistan National Congress
(ii) Azarbeizan National Congress
(iii) American National Congress
(iv) African National Congress
Ans. (iv)
6. Thabo Mbeki was sworn in as –
(i) First deputy president.
(ii) Second deputy president.
(iii) Third deputy president.
(iv) Fourth deputy president.
Ans. (i)
7. How many Deputy Presidents were selected?
(i) One (ii) Two (iii) Three (iv) Four
Ans. (ii)
8. Long Walk to Freedom is –
(i) A novel
(ii) an autobiography
(iii) a cinema
(iv) a story book
Ans. (ii)
9. Amphitheatre is made of –
(i) Glasstone
(ii) Sandstones
(iii) Blackstone’s
(iv) All of these
Ans. (ii)
Very Short answer Type Questions and Answers
Q.3. How was the morning of tenth May?
Ans: The morning of tenth May was bright and clear.
Q.4. How had Mandela spent the past few days?
Ans: Mandela had spent few days besieged by dignitaries and world leaders.
Q.5. Why were the dignitaries and world leaders coming?
Ans: The dignitaries and the world leaders were coming to pay their respect before the inauguration.
Q.6. Where were the inauguration ceremonies held?
Ans: The inauguration ceremonies. were held in sand stone amphitheater formed by the Union buildings in Pretoria.
Q.7. What is an amphitheater?
Ans: An amphitheater is a building without a roof with many rows of seats rising in steps.
Q.8. Why was the inauguration ceremony held?
Ans: The inauguration ceremony was held on the occasion of installation of South Africa first democratic, non racial government.
Q.9. In which season was the inauguration ceremony held?
Ans: The inauguration ceremony was held in autumn.
Q.9. (a) Choose the correct answer from among the alternatives given and complete the sentence:[HSLC 2019]
In life, every man has_____ (Three obligations/twin obligations/many obligations)
Ans: twin obligations.
Q.10. Who is Zenani?
Ans: Zenani is Mandela’s daughter.
Q.11. Who accompanied Mandela? [HSLC. ’16]
Ans: Mandela’s daughter Zenani accompanied him.
Q.12. Who was first sworm in on the podium and as what?
Ans: On the podium Mr. de Klerk was first sworm in as second Deputy President.
Q.13. Who was sworm is as the first Deputy President? [HSLC 2016]
Ans: Mr. Thabo Mbeki was sworm is as the first Deputy President.
Q.14. “Let freedom reign. God bless Africa!” Who said this?
Ans: Nalson Mandela said this.
Q.15. What national anthem was sung by the whites?
Ans: The whites sang, “Nikosi Seikelel-Africa.”
Q.16. What was the national anthem sung by the blacks?
Ans: The blacks sang ‘Die stem.’
Q.17. What did overwhelm Mandela on the day of the inauguration?
Ans: A sense of history overwhelmed Mandela on the day of the inauguration.
Q.18. When did the Anglo Boer War take place?
Ans: The Anglo Boer war took place a few years before Mandela’s birth.
Q.19. How old was Mandela in the last decade of the twentieth century?
Ans: In the twentieth century’s last decade Mandela was in his eighth decade as a man.
Q.20. What pained Mandela on the day of the inauguration?
Ans: On the day of inauguration Mandela was pained thinking that he could not thank the patriot before him.
Q.21. Name two patriot before Mandela.
Ans: Oliver Tambo and Walter Sisulus.
Q.21(a). Choose the correct answer from among the alternatives given and complete the sentence given below: [HSLC 2020]
Mandela’s country is rich-
(i) in forests and lakes
(ii) in minerals and gems
(iii) in agriculture
Ans: Mandela’s country is rich in minerals and gems.
Q.22. What according to Mandela was the greatest wealth of his country?
Ans: According to Mandela the people were the greatest wealth of his country.
Q.23. How rich was South Africa in national resources?
Ans: South Africa was rich in minerals and gems.
Q.24. From whom did Mandela learn the meaning of courage?
Ans: Mandela learned the meaning of courage from the comrades in struggle.
Q.25. What does Mandela mean by courage? [HSLC.’15, 17,’22]
Ans: By courage Mandela means not absence of fear, but the triumph over it.
Q.26. Who, according to Mandela, is a brave man? [HSLC. ’22]
Ans: According to Mandela a brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.
Q.27. According to Mandela, between love and hate which comes more naturally to human heart?[HSLC 2016]
Ans: According to Mandela between Love and hate, love comes more naturally to human heart.
Q.28. Where did Mandela see a glimmer of humanity even in the grimmest times in prison?
Ans: In those dark days Mandela saw a glimmer of humanity in one of the guards of the prison.
Q.29. What does Mandela say about man’s goodness?
Ans: Mandela says that man’s goodness is a flame that can be hidden but never extinguished.
Q.30. How many obligations does a man have in life? [HSLC 2019]
Ans: Every man has twin obligation in life.
Q.31. In what kind of society a person can fulfil twin obligations?
Ans: In a civil society only a person can fulfil his twin obligations.
Q.32. What sort of a man was isolated and punished in South Africa?
Ans: A man of color in South Africa who wanted to fulfil his twin obligations were isolated and punished in South Africa.
Q.33. What did Mandela find attempting to serve his people?
Ans: Attempting to serve his people Mandela found himself prevented from fulfilling his duty as a son, a brother, a father and a husband.
Q.34. What sort of freedom did Mandela want as a student?
Ans: As a student Mandela wanted freedom to stay out at night, read what he pleased and to go where he liked.
Q.35. When did Mandela yearn for basic and honorable freedom?
Ans: As a young man in Johannesburg Mandela wanted basic and honorable freedom.
Q.36. What sort of freedom, Mandela wanted as a young man?
Ans: As a young man Mandela wanted basic and honorable freedom.
Q.37. Give, after Mandela, an example of basic and honorable freedom.
Ans: Freedom of earning his keep.
Q.38. What was Mandela’s greater hunger for?
Ans: Mandela’s greater hunger was for the freedom of his people.
Q.39. What did animate Mandela’s life?
Ans: Desire for freedom of his people to live with dignity and self respect animated his life.
Q.40. Does Mandela think himself more virtues or self sacrificing than others?
Ans: No, Mandela does not thinks himself more virtuous or self sacrificing than the others.
Q.41. What type of a man is behind the bars of prejudice and narrow mildness?
Ans: A man who takes away another man’s freedom is behind the bars of prejudice and narrow mildness.
Q.42. What type of a man is a prisoner of harted?
Ans: A man who takes away another man’s freedom is a prisoner of hatred:
Q.43. Who are robbed of their humanity?
Ans: The oppressed and the oppressor are both robbed of their humanity.
Q.44. (a) Choose the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence from among the alternatives given in the brackets:
All of us will spend many years, if not generations, recovering from that profound hurt. (light and vain / abnormal/deep and strong)
Ans: deep and strong.
[HSLC 2020]
B. Short answer Type Questions and Answers
Q.1. How did Mandela spend the few days before the inauguration? Or, How did Mandela spend the few days before tenth May?
Ans: Mandela spent the few days before tenth May, the day of inauguration busily. He remained surrounded by the world leaders and dignitaries who had come to pay their respects before the inauguration.
Q.2. What missions would Mandela like to achieve for the future of South Africa and her people on securing the political emancipation? [HSLC.’18]
Ans: On securing political emancipation Mandela would like to achieve liberty for all the people. His mission would be to liberate people from poverty and deprivation and keep them from oppression of all kinds.
Q.3. What do you know about Mandela?
Ans: Mandela is a political leader and freedom fighter of South Africa. He spent his life fighting against Apartheid. He had spent thirty years in prison. He was an active leader of African National Congress. After the election held in 1994, Mandela became the first black President of South Africa.
Q.4. What is an autobiography? What is the name of Mandela’s autobiography?
Ans: Autobiography is the story of a person’s life written by that person. ‘Long Walk to Freedom’ is the name Mandela’s autobiography.
Q.5. What does Mandela say about inauguration gathering? [HSLC.’22]
Ans: Mandela says that the inauguration gathering would be the largest ever gathering of international leaders on the African soil. It was a rainbow gathering of color and nations.
Q.6. Describe the site of the inauguration ceremony or give a description of the site in which the inauguration ceremony was held.
Ans: The inauguration ceremony was held in the lovely sand stone. amphitheater formed by the Union Buildings in Pretoria. For decades that had been the seat of white supremacy.
Q.7. Who were the two Deputy Presidents sworn in?
Ans: Mr. de. Klerk and Thabo Mbeki were the second and the first Deputy President respectively.
Q.8. What did Mandela pledge when his turn came?
Ans: Mandela pledged to obey and uphold the constitution. He also pledged to devote himself to the well being of the Republic and he people.
Q.9. What does Mandela say about the spectacular array as the saw lifting their eyes?
Ans: The array was created by South African jets, helicopters and troop carriers as they flew roaring over the Union Buildings. Mandel says that it was not only a display of pinpoint precision but demonstration of military’s loyalty to democracy and the newly elected government.
Q.10. (a) What does Manela say about the Generals of the South African defense force and police?
Ans: Mandela says that only moments before the inauguration ceremony the Generals saluted him and pledged their loyalty. Their breasts were decorated with ribbons and medals of good by days. Mandela also said that many years before they would not have saluted but arrested him.
Q.10.(b) Say whether the following are true or false. [HSLC-2015]
(i) Nelson Mandela spent twenty years in prison.
(ii) On the day of the inauguration, two national anthems were sung.
Ans. (i) False, (ii) True.
Q.11. What does Mandela say about the wealth of his country? [HSLC ’19]
Ans: Mandela says that his country is rich in minerals and gems, that lie beneath her soil. But he knew that the greatest wealth is her people. He calls them finer and truer than the purest diamond.
Q.12. “In life, everyman has twin obligations”- What are the two obligations? [HSLC 2019]
Ans: The two obligations are (i) one’s obligations to his family- to his parents, to his wife and children and (ii) ones obligations to his people, his community.
Q.13. How can one fulfil his twin obligations in a civil society?
Ans: In a civil society one can fulfil the twin obligations according to one’s own inclinations and abilities.
Q.14. Who were made to live an existence of secrecy and rebellion in South Africa?
Ans: In South Africa a man who had tried to fulfil his duty towards his people were surely ripped off from his family and home and forced to live a life apart, an existence of secrecy and rebellion.
Q.15. What did Mandela find when he attempted to serve his people?
Ans: Attempting to serve his people Mandela found that he was prevented from fulfilling his obligations as a son, a brother, a father and a husband.
Q.16. What sorts of freedom did Mandela enjoy during his boyhood?
Ans: As a boy Mandela felt that he was born free. During his boyhood days Mandela had the freedom of running in the field near his mother’s hut, swimming in the stream flowing through the village, roasting maize under the open sky and riding on the broad backs of slow moving bulls.
Q.17. When did Mandela begin to hunger for freedom? [HSLC 2020]
Ans: It was only when Mandela began to learn that his boyhood freedom was an illusion, and as a young man when he discovered that his freedom had already been taken away from him, he began to hunger for it.
Q.18. What basic and honorable freedom did Mandela yearn for?
Ans: The basic and honorable freedoms Mandela yearned for were- achieving his potential, of craning his keep, of marrying and having a family and the freedom not to be obstructed in a lawful life.
Q.19. When did Mandela join the African National Congress?
Ans: In course of time slowly Mandela realized that not only was he not free, but his brothers and sisters were also not free. He found that not only his freedom was curtailed but everyone’s freedom was also curtailed. Then he joined the African National Congress.
Q.20. What did transform young Mandela?
Ans: Desire for the freedom of the people to live with dignity and self respect animated Mandela’s life and transformed him into a criminal.
Q.21. Freedom is indivisible’ how does Mandela explain this? [HSLC ’22]
Ans: Freedom, according to Mandela is a united whole and indivisible. He explains that chains on any one of his people were the chains on all of them, and the chains on all his people were the chains on him.
Q.22. Write the names of two patriots before Mandela. [HSLC. ’22].
Ans: Two patriots before Mandela were Oliver Tembo and Walter Sisulu.
Conclusion:
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